Guide to Grievances at Work

19 May 2023

What is a grievance in the workplace and what's involved?

What is a Grievance at Work?


A grievance (an issue) in the workplace is a formal complaint made by a co-worker against another co-worker. If a grievance is raised your employer will follow a formal procedure to investigate the matter and will speak to the people involved.



A grievance procedure is the process that the employer sets out for staff to follow to raise a complaint about another person to them. This could be because other methods have not worked or because of ongoing or serious issues which are affecting the working environment.


The ACAS Grievance Procedure

Raising a grievance is a serious and formal step. If your employer has a procedure in place, this should be easily accessible and should follow the ACAS Code of Practice on Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures (if the employer is operating in the UK). However, this is good practice and should be adopted by all businesses. Check your jurisdiction for any regional guidance on best practice.


ACAS sets out in its guide that best practice includes:

·        Fairness of the procedure

·        Full and unbiased investigation of the complaint(s)

·        Permitted support to the grievance hearing

·        Fairness to be heard

·        Act promptly

·        Allow an appeal against the employer’s outcome


Multiple complaints can be heard together as part of a single investigation, or the employer may review these independently. The employee has a right to have their own hearing and employers should seek agreement to combine hearings if this is envisaged.


Raising a grievance to your employer

Step 1 - First, attempt to resolve the issues informally between yourself and your co-worker.

Step 2 - If this has not worked, speak to your line manager or HR to find out what options you have to deal with the complaint. You could ask for mediation (neutral support to hold the conversation and agree outcomes) or intervention from HR or your line manager.

Step 3 - If you need to start a grievance, this should be made in writing. You will need to set out the details of the complaint, documents, or evidence that you wish to rely on, and how you would like this to be resolved.


What your employer should do with your grievance

Your employer will review the information you have provided and start investigating. They should keep written records of their actions and communications, any decisions, and appeals. If there has been a suspected crime, the police may be notified.


They should keep you informed as to progress and keep lines of communication open between those involved.


Your employer should make allowances to support you in your wellbeing and mental health. Employees should communicate with their employer about their feelings and any anxiety that prevents them from being at work or being productive.


The grievance hearing

The grievance hearing should take place quickly and follow the ACAS procedure, which suggests 5 working days from receipt of the formal grievance.

Everyone involved should have time to prepare and there may be some confidential pre-hearing meetings between the employer and those involved.

There is likely to be a neutral person who attends the hearing to take notes and act as a witness.


Employees have the right to be accompanied by either a colleague, Trade Union Representative, or an official from the Trade Union. The employer should also consider if any additional person is needed to support someone with a disability or language needs. Other persons are allowed only by permission from the employer.


You will be asked to elaborate on anything that assists the employer to make a decision and share any thoughts you have about achieving resolution. The employer should also remain impartial at all times. Each person will be provided the opportunity to ask questions, share what happened from their perspective, and provide details of any witnesses to contact.


They will provide a summary of the main points at the end of the hearing. Following the hearing, the employer will look into all the information and follow up with your witnesses. The employer may organise a further hearing if this is needed.


After the hearing

The post-hearing review may take some time. If there are any delays, they should keep you informed as to progress.


Once a decision has been made, the employer should share this as quickly as possible. The outcomes may include disciplinary actions or informal processes to achieve resolution, or the employer may decide to take no action.


If you do not feel that the decision resolved the issue or the procedure was conducted unfairly, you should be provided with a right to appeal.  


What are the alternatives to a raising a grievance?

Whilst you can make a claim in the Employment Tribunal, you can consider using a professional to help you reach an agreement such as a Mediator.

You can also use our Self Resolve tool for FREE which will help you narrow your issues and talk about what really matters.


We recommend that you explore having a conversation and trying to resolve your issues before taking formal action. Talk to your employer about using mediation if you need help. If you are not sure of what is best for you, please contact our team and we will help you navigate your options. Call us on 03300 431 757 or email the team via help@disputeresolutionagency.com


Head to our Workplace Professionals to help you with your conflict before (or during) your grievance process.

Expert Advice

17 December 2024
Business Owner vs. National Retailer Introduction: Small business owner, Sarah, had been running her boutique clothing store for five years when she noticed that one of her designs was being sold at a national retail chain. After conducting further investigation, she discovered that the retailer had copied her design without permission and was making a significant profit from it. Feeling frustrated and violated, Sarah sought legal advice and was advised to take legal action against the retailer. Problem: Sarah faced two major obstacles in this situation - first, taking legal action would be time-consuming and expensive for her small business. Secondly, there was no guarantee that she would win the case and receive the compensation she deserved. On the other hand, the national retailer had a team of lawyers and could afford to prolong the legal battle. Solution: Instead of going straight to court, Sarah decided to try mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method. She reached out to a professional mediator who specialised in business disputes and explained her situation. The mediator suggested that they invite representatives from both parties for a mediation session. During the mediation session, Sarah presented her evidence and explained how the retailer had copied her design without permission or any form of compensation. The representatives from the retailer argued that they were not aware of Sarah's design and claimed that it was merely a coincidence. Outcome: Through effective communication facilitated by the mediator, Sarah and the retailer's representatives were able to understand each other's perspectives. The mediator also helped them identify the strengths and weaknesses of their cases. With the help of the mediator, a compromise was reached - the national retailer agreed to pay Sarah £75,000 in compensation for using her design without permission. In exchange, Sarah allowed them to continue selling the design with proper licensing and royalties. Benefits of Mediation: This successful mediation not only saved both parties time and money but also allowed them to maintain a positive business relationship. By avoiding a lengthy legal battle, they were able to focus on their businesses instead of being consumed by conflict. Moreover, through active listening and effective communication during the mediation session, both parties were able to understand each other's concerns and find a mutually beneficial solution. This helped them build trust and respect, which could have been damaged if they had gone to court. Conclusion: This case study highlights the effectiveness of mediation in resolving business disputes. It not only helps save time and money but also promotes better communication and understanding between conflicting parties. As a small business owner, Sarah was able to protect her rights and receive fair compensation without having to go through the stress of a legal battle. Mediation can be a powerful tool for SMEs in resolving conflicts and maintaining positive relationships with other businesses. So, it is important for business owners to consider this alternative method before resorting to legal action. As the saying goes, "a stitch in time saves nine," proactive early intervention through mediation can prevent conflicts from escalating and benefit all parties involved. Overall, mastering conflict resolution skills and using effective communication strategies can empower business owners to navigate disputes with confidence and care, leading to better outcomes for themselves and their businesses. In conclusion, resolving conflicts in business is not always easy, but it is essential for maintaining healthy relationships and promoting a positive working culture. Through mediation, active listening, crisis management techniques, and negotiation skills - business owners can effectively resolve disputes and turn them into opportunities for growth and collaboration. By learning from case studies of successful resolutions like Sarah's, SMEs can build a conflict-resilient culture and achieve long-term success in their industry. So, it is crucial to prioritize conflict resolution strategies and invest in building strong communication skills to navigate any legal disputes that may arise with confidence and care. Remember, effective conflict resolution is not about "winning" or "losing," but rather finding a solution that benefits all parties involved. Mediation provides a neutral ground for productive discussions and helps avoid the emotional and financial toll of going to court. With the increasing use of technology in modern dispute resolution, SMEs can now access mediation services remotely, making it even more convenient and cost-effective. In today's fast-paced business world, conflicts are inevitable. However, how we handle them can make all the difference. Mediation offers a collaborative and efficient way to resolve disputes, making it an essential tool for SMEs to have in their arsenal. By promoting understanding and finding win-win solutions, mediation can help businesses build stronger relationships and foster a positive environment for growth and success. So whether you are a small business owner or part of a larger corporation, consider mediation as your first course of action when faced with a potential legal dispute. It may just save you time, money, and unnecessary stress while also preserving important business relationships. As Sarah learned from her experience - mediation is not only about resolving conflicts but also about creating a win-win situation for all parties involved. So, embrace this conflict resolution method and watch your business thrive. Always remember that effective communication and collaboration can turn any conflict into an opportunity for growth and success. Empower yourself with the necessary skills and resources to handle conflicts in a proactive and positive manner, and you will be on your way to creating a healthier and more productive work environment for your business.
by Will Chalmers 3 December 2024
The Scenario: John had been renting an apartment from his landlord, Mr. Smith, for two years. However, in the last few months, John noticed mould and dampness starting to appear on the walls of his bedroom. Despite repeatedly bringing this issue to Mr. Smith's attention, no significant action was taken to address it. Frustrated with the lack of response and increasing health concerns caused by the mould, John decided to withhold rent until the issue was resolved. This led to a heated argument between John and Mr. Smith, with both parties unwilling to budge from their respective positions. The Conflict: John felt that he was entitled to a habitable living space, and the presence of mould and dampness was a breach of his rights as a tenant. On the other hand, Mr. Smith argued that John's negligence in maintaining proper ventilation and reporting the issue promptly led to the growth of mould. The conflict escalated quickly, with John threatening to move out and Mr. Smith considering legal action for unpaid rent. The Mediation Process: At this point, both parties decided to seek mediation services before taking any further action. A mediator was appointed, and both John and Mr. Smith were given an opportunity to express their concerns in a neutral setting. The mediator helped facilitate communication between John and Mr. Smith, allowing them to understand each other's perspectives and come up with a mutually agreeable solution. Through open dialogue, it became clear that the root cause of the mould issue was a combination of poor ventilation in the apartment and John's failure to report it promptly. The Outcome: With the help of mediation, John and Mr. Smith were able to reach a resolution that benefited both parties. Mr. Smith agreed to hire professionals to fix the ventilation system and address the mould issue, while John agreed to take responsibility for maintaining proper ventilation in his apartment. Additionally, an agreement was made for John to pay reduced rent until the issue was fully resolved, and he would receive compensation for any expenses incurred due to the mould. Conclusion: Thanks to mediation, John and Mr. Smith were able to resolve their dispute amicably and find a solution that worked for both of them. The mediator helped facilitate open communication, understanding, and collaboration between the landlord and tenant, allowing them to address the root cause of their conflict and find a mutually beneficial resolution. This successful outcome highlights the benefits of using mediation in landlord-tenant disputes. It not only helps resolve immediate conflicts but also promotes better communication and prevents future issues from arising. In this case, mediation was a cost-effective and efficient way to address the issue without resorting to expensive legal proceedings or damaging the landlord-tenant relationship. So, it is always worth considering mediation as a first step in resolving any disputes between landlords and tenants. After all, finding a mutually beneficial solution is more valuable than winning an argument. Need help with your Landlord and Tenant issues? Contact us by calling 03300 431 757 or via help@disputeresolutionagency.com or check out our Housing Resolution page for more information .
by Will Chalmers 13 November 2024
The Scenario: Samantha had been working as a sales executive at a multinational company for five years. She was an efficient and dedicated employee who always met her targets and received positive feedback from clients. However, Samantha felt that she was being treated unfairly by her line manager, Mr. Smith. She noticed that her male colleagues were receiving higher salaries despite having similar job roles and responsibilities. Feeling frustrated and undervalued, Samantha decided to confront Mr. Smith about the pay disparity.  However, instead of addressing the issue, Mr. Smith dismissed her concerns and told her to focus on her work instead of worrying about other employees' salaries. This response only added to Samantha's frustration, and she began to feel demotivated and unappreciated. The Conflict: Samantha felt that Mr. Smith's dismissive attitude was a form of discrimination, and her repeated attempts to address the issue were being ignored. She also noticed instances where Mr. Smith would give preferential treatment to male colleagues, such as assigning them high-profile projects or allowing them more flexibility with their schedules. Samantha decided it was time to take action and considered submitting a formal grievance against Mr. Smith for unfair treatment and gender-based pay discrimination. However, before taking any legal action, she reached out to the company's HR department for mediation services. The Mediation Process: A trained mediator was assigned to Samantha's case, and both parties were given the opportunity to express their concerns in a safe and neutral environment. The mediator helped facilitate open and honest communication between Samantha and Mr. Smith, allowing them to understand each other's perspectives. While Mr. Smith initially denied any discrimination or unfair treatment, the mediator encouraged him to listen actively and consider the impact of his actions on Samantha's morale and job satisfaction. Through effective communication techniques, the mediator helped both parties identify the root cause of their conflict – lack of transparency in salary negotiations and unconscious bias towards gender roles. The Outcome: With the help of mediation, Samantha and Mr. Smith were able to reach a mutually beneficial agreement. Samantha was given a raise to match her male colleagues' salary, and she was also allowed more flexibility in her schedule to balance her work and personal life. In return, Samantha agreed to take on additional responsibilities and actively participate in the company's gender equality initiatives. The mediation process not only helped resolve the immediate conflict between Samantha and Mr. Smith but also promoted better understanding and communication within the workplace. It created a win-win situation for both parties by addressing the underlying issues and finding a solution that benefited everyone involved. Conclusion: Samantha's case is an excellent example of how mediation can effectively resolve workplace conflicts without resorting to formal grievances or legal action. By providing a safe and neutral space for dialogue, mediation can help parties understand each other's perspectives and find common ground for resolving disputes. In this case, Samantha was able to secure fair treatment and equal pay, while Mr. Smith learned the importance of transparency and unbiased decision-making in the workplace. This successful outcome highlights the benefits of utilising mediation in business settings, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. By promoting open communication, understanding, and collaboration, mediation can foster a positive work environment that supports growth and success for both employees and the company as a whole. So next time your SME is faced with a workplace dispute, consider mediation as an effective way to resolve conflicts and preserve valuable relationships within your organisation. Need help with your workplace conflict or dispute? Contact us on 03300 431 757 or by email via help@disputeresolutionagency.com or check out our page on workplace mediation .
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